Lord of the Flies and the Story of Creation Free Essays

Satan, Prince of Darkness, Lucifer, Iblis; no matter what title he bears, the devil is the most recognizable and distinct representation of evil In existence. In the story of Adam and Eve, the devil’s wicked evilness takes the form of temptation. He uses temptation to stray Eve from the path of God, the path she was created to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies and the Story of Creation or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Lord of the Flies evil disguises itself as temptation yet again. The boys are tempted by their persisting desires to leave their civilized morals behind and indulge in the vicious and untroubled ways of savagery. Numerous parallel themes, in ddition to evil disguised as temptation, between Lord of the Flies and the story of Adam and Eve are present. Themes such as original purity, the spread of sin, chance for redemption and tainted innocence. When Adam was created by God from the â€Å"dust on the ground and the breath of life† (Genesis 2:7) and Eve from Adam’s rib, they were perfect, pure human beings and devoutly loyal to God. Similarly, when the boys first arrive on the island they are unwavering In their devotion to maintain civilized morals and disciplined behavior. In chapter 2, Jack displays this devotion by nnouncing to the group, â€Å"We’ve got to have rules and obey them. After all, we’re not savages. We’re English, and the English are best at everything. † In the beginning of both plots, the characters of the story are pure in their Innocence and loyalty to what they believe is right. Adam and Eve pure in their loyalty to God and the boys retain their innocence by maintaining civilized behavior. Jack and Eve have one clear thing in common; they both lead their companions in straying from the path of righteousness. Eve by being the first to give into the evil temptation of eating the fruit nd Jack by glvlng In to the evil temptation of power and the â€Å"compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up. † Subsequently after, the evil that engulfed Jack and Eve quickly spreads to their companions like a terribly contagious disease. Eve convinces Adam to eat the forbidden fruit as well, thus damning them both. Jack starts a new savage tribe that most of the members from the civilized tribe quickly Join. Upon witnessing this conversion from good to evil Ralph remarks, â€Å"The world, that understandable and lawful world. was slipping away,† Later in the book. aces savage ways even begin to infect two of the most civilized boys left on the Island. During one of Jack’s feasts, Ralph and Piggy â€Å"found themselves eager to take a place in this demented but partly secure society. They were glad to touch the brown backs of the fence that hemmed In the terror and made it governable. † In continuance of his custom, God goes to visit Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. When they hear him coming they grow ashamed of their nakedness, something they had never noticed before, and try to cover themselves with leaves and hide from him. God, being all knowing, pretends to search for them. He does this in order to give Adam and Eve an opportunity to return to Him and acknowledge their sin. The British Naval offcer that arrives on the island in Lord of the Flies represents what was originally good and right in the eyes of the boys, as does God In the eyes of Adam and Eve. When the boys come storming out of the burning forest to discover their saviors standing on the beach, they feel no Joy but shame. Shame for the uncivilized ways 1 OF2 tney nave conauctea tnemselves. In emoarrassment was only ampllTlea wnen the British Navvy Officer remarked, â€Å"l should have thought that a pack of British boys†¦ ould have been able to put up a better show than that. † This humiliation experienced by the boys is similar to that of Adam and Eve. In correspondence with God’s actions in the Garden of Eden, the Navvy officer â€Å"turned away to give them time to pull themselves together. In warning Adam and Eve of the dangers of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, God says, mfou may surely eat of every tree of the garden, but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die. † (Genesis 2:16-17) God’s warning proves itself very true. Upon eating the fruit, their spiritual death is immediate, Adam and Eve are spiritually separated from God and lose a part of themselves they will never truly regain. The boys in The Lord of the Flies lose something of great value as well; their innocence. In realization of this, Ralph â€Å"wept for the end of innocence. † Both the boys on the island and Adam and Eve permanently tainted their purity in falling victim to the temptations of evil. â€Å"Be sober-minded; be watchful. Your adversary the devil prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour. † â€Å"He is everywhere represented as the deceiver, ssuming false guises, and making false representations. † (Peter 5:8) (Corinthians 2:14) Both Adam and Eve and the boys in Lord of the Flies were deceived by the false guises of the the devil’s evil. The bible categorizes evil in two groups; evil against one another, such as murder, theft, and adultery and evil against God such as idolatry and blasphemy. The Devil tempted the characters in the two stories to commit both evil against one and another and evil against God. Adam and Eve committed evil against God by disobeying his orders and Eve committed evil against Adam by convincing him to eat the fruit. In Lord of the Flies the boys committed evil against one another in numerous ways. They murdered Simon, Piggy, and attempted to kill Ralph. In the book, civilized behavior and morals represented God. They committed Evil against God/civilization by losing faith and worshipping symbols of their savagery (pig’s head and beast). In the world today, evil against God is very frequently committed because in most people’s eyes, it is not true evil. From the Connecticut shooting to domestic abuse, in society today it seems as if people are carelessly making no effort to resist the devil’s temptations to commit evil against one another. How to cite Lord of the Flies and the Story of Creation, Papers

Value Of Investment Appraisal Techniques †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Value Of Investment Appraisal Techniques. Answer: Introduction The overall evaluation of the assignment mainly evaluates the financial services that could be used in identifying the value of investment appraisal techniques. In addition, the investment appraisal techniques are mainly used in evaluating the investment proposal, which could help in identifying the viable investment option for Mark and Paul. Nature and Scope of Investments There are two different types of investments, which could directly help in generating the relevant return from investment. The first investment directly provides a relevant investment of around $261,000 initially, while the second investment needs around $390,000. Both the investments intend to provide relevant returns from investment in near future, which could direly help in generating higher profits from operations (Bodie 2013). The first investment scope needs hard work and operational capability from Mark and Paul for running the restaurant. However, the second investment scope only need venture capital investments from Mark and Paul. Investment Opportunity One Budgets: Sales Budget Sales Budget August September Particulars Meal Drink Meal Drink Sales Volume of drink 20,000.00 60,000.00 18,000.00 54,000.00 Selling price $ 45.00 $ 6.00 $ 45.00 $ 6.00 Sales $ 900,000.00 $ 360,000.00 $ 810,000.00 $ 324,000.00 Total sales per month $ 1,260,000.00 $ 1,134,000.00 Labour Budget Labour Budget Particulars August September Per hour rate $ 23.00 $ 23.00 Working hours 6.00 6.00 Number of staff 3.00 3.00 Working day per week 6.00 6.00 Number of week in month 4.00 4.00 Total labour cost per month $ 9,936.00 $ 9,936.00 Cash Budget Cash Budget Particulars June July August September Cash Collection $ 1,260,000.00 $ 1,134,000.00 Cash paid for drinks $ 2,000.00 $ 11,000.00 $ 20,000.00 Cash paid for meals $ 40,000.00 $ 40,000.00 Overheads $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 Labour cost $ 9,936.00 $ 9,936.00 Drawings $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 Noncurrent assets $ 201,000.00 Available Cash $ (226,000.00) $ (27,000.00) $ 1,174,064.00 $ 1,039,064.00 Add openings cash balance $ 80,000.00 $ (146,000.00) $ (173,000.00) $ 1,001,064.00 Closing cash balance $ (146,000.00) $ (173,000.00) $ 1,001,064.00 $ 2,040,128.00 Overview and Analysis of Budgets The evaluation of the sales budget mainly states that relevant income from operations is been generated, where meals sales are relatively generating higher revenue. Moreover, the sale of drinks is triple of the sales that are generated from meals (Scott 2016). Therefore, the sale budget mainly represents the sales that is been conducted in August and September, as the overall restaurant started in August. The selling price per meals is $45 and for drinks is $6, which provides a total revenue of $ 1,260,000 in August and $ 1,134,000 in September. The overall labour budget mainly represents the expenses that is been conducted by the restaurant on labour. The overall estimation of the wage rate is $23 per hour, which directly makes the labour expense on month basis at $9,936. The evaluation of the cash budget mainly helps in representing the overall cash flow of the investment that is been conducted by the organisation. The relevant cash flow from investment could be seen from the cash budget (Einsele 2013). Moreover, the closing cash balance in June and July was negative, while from August the cash flow closing balance becomes positive, as revenue generated from operations was relevantly high. Hence, the closing cash balance of September is estimated to be at $ 2,040,128.00. Practical issues associated with investment: The major practical issues that could be identified from the restaurant investment proposal are the experience that is needed for running the restaurant. The main practical issue that could be identified from the evaluation is the experience, which is needed by Mark and Paul for running the business. However, there are no specifics information regarding the experience that is gather by Mark sand Paul. Moreover, Mark and Paul are university students in marketing, which hardly provides any kind of experience in running the restaurant business and estimating the costs of the investment. Investment Opportunity Two Evaluation Cost of capital 12% Year Cash flow Cumulative cash flow 0 $ (390,000) $ (390,000) 1 $ 100,000 $ (290,000) 2 $ 230,000 $ (60,000) 3 $ 190,000 $ 130,000 4 $ 140,000 $ 270,000 NPV $ 106,851.08 ARR 42.31% Payback Period 2.3 years The evaluation of the NPV, ARR and Payback period directly indicates that the investment is a viable option, which could directly help Mark and Paul to generate higher revenue from investment. The NPV directly indicates that the investment will provide an additional income of $106,851.08 from investment. Moreover, the ARR is at 42.31%, which is relatively higher than cost of capital and Payback period is at 2.3 years, which is fairly early. These evaluations directly indicate that the project is relevantly viable and could provide higher returns from investment (Gotze, Northcott and Schuster 2016). Comparison of Investment Opportunities The comparison of the two businesses mainly helps in identifying the relevant income that could be generated from the business opportunity. However, there are different types of non financial investment decisions, which need to be conducted for evaluating the business opportunity. However, from the evaluation it could be understood that the first investment options directly involves involvement of Mark and Paul in restaurant business, where both the individuals does not have any kind of experience. Moreover, Mark and Paul are university students studying marketing, while the financial evaluation and estimation conducted in the first investment option could be problematic options for both the individuals. However, the second investment options is a a new business development on the Gold Coast with other venture-capital investors. In this investment options Mark and Paul would only have to invest the money and there is no personnel involvement in the business. Therefore, the experience in running the business is not needed. Hence, the business could directly allow Mark and Paul to generate relevant income from investment, while reducing their involvement in the business. Thus, investment in the second proposal is much better option for Mark and Paul. References: Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Einsele, G., 2013.Sedimentary basins: evolution, facies, and sediment budget. Springer Science Business Media. Gotze, U., Northcott, D. and Schuster, P., 2016.INVESTMENT APPRAISAL. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN AN. Scott, P., 2016.Accounting for Business. Oxford University Press.

Virtual Systems and Multimedia †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Virtual Systems and Multimedia. Answer: Introduction Technology coupled with globalisation has led to tremendous completion and emergence of opportunity. With growth and development of various industries around the world almost all industries stands to benefit(Guidi, 2010). Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality development has been the most prominent innovation of all time in technology. Fashion industry stands to benefit from tremendous opportunities created by virtual reality and augmented reality. In Australia innovations in this domain with their application has led to development of tremendous opportunities with leading fashion retailers adopting such trends(Altberg, 2007). Large fashion Companies are integrating various types of VR along with AR trends such as to extend core competencies within their industry. These technologies are enabling competitive advantages for these companies such that they are able to attract larger consumers towards their products. The scope of this report deals with various strategies with variable and static product line(Spreer, 2014). It deals with short term along with variable business model along with certain recommendations for the business plan. Strategy needs to be developed and accommodated for creation of product lines in the new fashion business. Cost calculation and product road map is integral for understanding the success of the business plan and its value creation(Castronova, 2008). VR and AR integration for a Company needs to be strategized such that appropriate product development can be attained. Success of a fashion firm while integration VR and AR has to be done in accordance to developed strategic fit to generate greater customer attention. In order to launch a MVP for validating and generating demands, a short term strategy needs to be created. The short term strategy needs to be aimed at virtual commerce strategy(Dholakia, 2009). For each application a differentiated personal customer experience needs to be created. The primary focus is to advertise and attract people towards transformation of their experience. Mission: The primary mission of the organisation will be catering to customer satisfaction Vision: The vision of the Company is focused on rendering unique product interface. Goals: Goals of the Company are focused on creation profitability, employee engagement and customer engagement. Objectives: Primary objective for the Company are focused on high quality product with AR and VR technologies. Strategies: All strategies of the Company will be focused in blending customer experience into VR and AR technologies. Tactics: There will be various tactics implemented by the Company for extending their capabilities and core competencies. In order to develop achieve goals for the study, it becomes critical to apply hypothesis for the study. There will be two hypothesis that will be assumed for the study, one comprises of Null Hypothesis (H0) and another is Alternate Hypothesis (H1). Null Hypothesis for this study encompasses that AR and VR does not impact retail sales in fashion of the firm and Alternate Hypothesis aims at establishing VR and AR impacts retail sales of fashion industry(Edeker, 2007). For success of any product, it becomes essential to establish cost benefit analysis for the product. The following includes cost benefit analysis for integrating AR and VR into fashion products of the firm for short term activities(Gaos, 2008). Month Cost Benefit January 50,000 450,000 February 80,000 500,000 March 90,000 290,000 April 110,000 330,000 May 95,000 310,000 June 120,000 410,000 July 105,000 340,000 August 130,000 350,000 September 60,000 210,000 October 70,000 260,000 November 80,000 310,000 December 130,000 510,000 Longer Term Strategy to iterate the product with additional features and to develop a viable business model The longer-term strategy for the firm will be to iterate products with features that become trends in the industry. Including new features with functionalities will allow greater customer attraction(Guven, 2009). There is tremendous amount of competition in the fashion industry with VR along with its sister technology AR offering opportunities for shoppers in their retail experience. It might offer application with technologies, which have capacities to reduce elimination of customers pain and increasing customer service for a greater personalized experience. Long term strategic fit will be focused on changing retailers towards the future(Mackenzie, 2009). The business model will aim at deciding on a technology application. Mission: The mission of the organisation will be to incorporate long-term sustainable strategic product innovations. Vision: The vision of the Company is focused on creation of fast fashion trends augmented with AR and VR. Goals: Goal for the Company will be focused on developing consistently innovative products that cater to market tastes of customer segment. Objectives: Objective of the Company will be multifarious that will include divergent product creating opportunities. Another objective will be to attract significant shareholder investments into innovation as well as product development. Strategies: Strategic endeavors for the Company will be aimed at keeping pace with integrated technologies along with market demands which are key focus of competitors. Tactics: Tactics deployed by the Company will be focused at enhancing speed and efficiency across all its operational processes. In order to accomplish long term strategic fit, the hypothesis will be developed for the study. Null Hypothesis (H0) will aim at establishing technological integration as mobile devices cannot create a customer satisfaction platform. On the other hand, alternate hypothesis will aim at establishing mobile technological integration casing an impact of ease of customer service(Glazer, 2010). In order to establish cost benefit approach for the study with a long-term focus there will be integration of extensive analysis. The following is the cost benefit analysis for the long term strategic fit accordance to deliverables in month wise data(Ciptawilangga, 2009). Month Cost Benefit January 60,000 250,000 February 90,000 650,000 March 40,000 310,000 April 80,000 450,000 May 100,000 330,000 June 95,000 120,000 July 65,000 170,000 August 70,000 230,000 September 50,000 280,000 October 40,000 310,000 November 30,000 290,000 December 150,000 400,000 Product Roadmap and minimal viable product for Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality With advent and integration of AR and VR with that of technological trends a product roadmap for retail products is designed(Kinateder, 2014). This product roadmap includes several features and functionalities that are integrated into making of the product. The firm will aim at developing products for home dcor, utensils, other decorative furniture and fixtures that consumers can easily purchase while sitting in comfort of their homes. The product roadmap in this case has been divided into four quarters in the year where a step will be achieved in each quarter. Initially the firm will be focusing of short term strategies and then later there will be a focus in regards to long term strategies. Short Term Strategy Long Term Strategy 2018 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July August September October November December Product Development Idea Launch Product Development Integration with VR Integration with AR Product Delivery Marketing Competitive Strategic Inputs Customer Analysis Marketing and Idea Building Advertising Technology AR Integration VR Integration Technological Updation At every step of product development, a integration effort will be made in order that the products can be presented in VR and AR arrangements. Technological fit for the products such that customer can have an unique experience from various products can easily be determined. VR and AR technologies which can easily adapt to and be responsive in mobiles can deliver significant competitive advantages for the Company. Integrations of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in the selected industry In Australia there has been significant incorporation of VR and AR technologies with that of various products across the retail industry(Vrechopoulos, 2009). While the firms products may be deemed to be attracting customers and highly profitable in nature it will not be able to extend core competency associated with that of the firm. The firm has to first decide technology that it will adapt for each of its application. VR makes consumers experience a simulated world which can be made use of by way of headsets and controller. Easier technologies are more popular amongst consumers compared to others which are not(Pantano, 2012). The firm has to realize that consumers in retail Australian segment purchasing home dcor items are not very familiar with VR integrated platforms. The firm has to decide if it will offer its products across mobile telephony devices and such platform will be available within the stores or out-of-store usage(Ruppert, 2011). This will allow the firm recognize gre ater challenges and identify the environment in which it might be facing diversified constraints. Budget and time related constraints is another aspect which the firm has to realize while integrating in VR and AR related technologies. All application integration needs to be centered around resolving customer related challenges such that they are able to understand value proposition(McGray, 2008). The product offered and launched by the Company needs to be different from available category of products such that it is able to curve a niche and competitive advantage for the Company. Then integrating in VR and AR might be a value addition for further extension of product related scopes. Conclusion In order that the firm is able to develop its product and extend technological application successfully it needs to adopt various steps. The following recommendations will allow the firm to overcome its pertinent challenges and grow in the future. The firm needs to identify products that have high demand in the market and are retail once. Retail products offered by the firm have to be highly differentiated from various products available in the market. The firm needs to price its products at an attractive levels such that it is able to attract significant number of customers. Often pricing strategy of the firm decides its capability to emerge as successful or as a failure. In this case selecting a highly priced product for launch can lead to tremendous losses for the Company hence, it should adopt a competitive product. With technological adaptation as well as with various developments, the firm needs to aim at setting concrete financial goals. Financial engagement goals or engagement can help create value as well as opportunity for the current business. Financial goals of the Company coupled with AR and VR technologies has to be evaluated frequently in order to achieve targeted outcomes. AR and VR technologies into retailing have to match business model for generating greater revenues or profitability. At every point a match has to be made such as to establish a fit between business models and developments in this field. The firm should aim at attracting equity financing for its technologies. Investment in this sector is growing at a rapid rate, hence making investments in this domain will help retailers establish competitive advantage within the industry. Reference Lists Altberg, E. F. 2007. U.S. Patent Application No. 11/738. 170. Castronova, E. 2008. Exodus to the virtual world: How online fun is changing reality. Palgrave Macmillan. Ciptawilangga, Y. 2009. U.S. Patent Application No. 12/474 . 202. Dholakia, R. R. 2009. Retail web site interactivity. . International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 821. Edeker, A. M. 2007. U.S. Patent No. 7,269,632. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Gaos, M. 2008. U.S. Patent No. 7,319,992. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Glazer, E. H. 2010. U.S. Patent No. 7,680,694. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Guidi, G. M. 2010. Virtual reality for retail. In Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM), 2010 16th International Conference on . IEEE, 285-288. Guven, S. O. 2009. Social mobile augmented reality for retail. In Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2009. PerCom 2009. IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 1-3. Kinateder, M. R. 2014. Virtual reality for fire evacuation research. In Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), 2014 Federated Conference on (pp. 313-321). IEEE, 313-321. Mackenzie, K. B. 2009. A framework for evaluating business management lead users virtual reality innovations in Second Life. Electronic Commerce Research, 183-202. McGray, F. A. 2008. McGray, F., Adorable, A. T., Yabot, J. T., Pestelos, C. P. 926. Pantano, E. . 2012. Innovation in retail process: from consumers experience to immersive store design. Journal of technology management innovation, 198-206. Ruppert, B. 2011. New directions in the use of virtual reality for food shopping: marketing and education perspectives. Spreer, P. . 2014. Augmented reality in retail: assessing the acceptance and potential for multimedia product presentation at the PoS. Transactions on Marketing Research, 20-35. Vrechopoulos, A. A. 2009. Virtual reality retailing on the web: emerging consumer behavioural patterns. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 469-482.

The Evolution of Circus Industry Essay Example

The Evolution of Circus Industry Essay In the early 1980’s the attractiveness of the circus industry seem to be saturated. The industry structure was not stable, being in long-term decline by alternative various type of entertainment, changes of the preference of customers, uprising concerns of animal rights and diminishing clowns in value, which they are the critical elements used by traditional players in the industry. It all brought in decreasing audience and increasing costs by accelerating competition and changing environmental factors. The traditional circus industries also had to compete with numerous competitors through similar performance and non-differentiated performance players in saturation. The traditional circus business has faced the difficult situation with a steady decreased audience and declining both revenue and profit. The limited to expand this industry is according to the five forces analysis, even though the barrier to entry to circus industry is high because of high capital requirement in performers, equipment, workforce, etc. but, the industry suffering from the alternative form of entertainment such as sports event, home industry, and play station. Also, rivalry among firms is high; they have to compete with other entertainment businesses such as theatre, opera, and Broadway. Moreover, the competition is not a price competition but it is based on attracting customers so with the low products differentiation in typical circus industry – clown, animals, and performance lead to a strong buyer power. Thus, the existing circus industry appeared unattractive Cirque de Soleil very successfully entered to an unattractive circus industry by reinvent the industry and creates a new market space. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Circus Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Circus Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Circus Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this case, they did not target the existing market such as children, but they target non-customers of the industry; adults and corporate clients who pay for this entertainment experiences. Also, they invest a lot in equipment in order to raise the venues from a typical circus tent to glamorous venues. Moreover, Cirque de Soleil has succeeded to provide customers with entirely new performances by taking existing acts and compiling them to the thematic line represent a mixture of the arts among circus, opera, and theatre. In addition, unlike traditional circus, the company has multiple productions; shows have distinctive themes allowing people to see Le Cirque several times. Furthermore, they mainly eliminating the biggest name acts and replace by individual performers who essentially anonymous to the audience and the complete absence of the animal shows. They reduce fun experience from the show of clown with garish face paint and an oversize shoe to the sophisticated entertainment with costumes and music. Additionally, they reduce the concessions from their show; nothing is sold during the performance or inside the tent. Finally, these lead to a whole new circus concept with an increase demand to come to circus instead of other entertainment such as theatre, opera, or Broadway. For a while, the company has no competitors and takes dominant advantage to gain high profits. Cirque de Soleil’s performance features itself the unique performance and market is completely new and quite impossible to denote the industry between theater and circus; it is hard to duplicate and results in setting high the entrant barrier to the market. Cirque shows the powerful bargain power as a market leader, so the company would be able to attain the high price. Despite the high price of tickets, the company always drew a large house with high quality performance. It is the most important for goals to pursuit of differentiation and low cost simultaneously because a blue ocean affects both its cost structure and its value proposition to buyers. Cirque de Soleil is the exemplary to show a blue ocean strategy because they looked across the market boundaries to alternatives to the circus. What Cirque de Soleil have done are increased values for the target customers while decreasing their own cost by eliminating unimportant attributes, reduce high expenditure, create the new market segments; new target customers, and then raise the quality of product. By conducting the five forces analysis, companies are able to set up innovative strategies and it brings to implement great performances; it all is on the way of the summit, otherwise the industries will be disappeared beyond the histories.

Saadat-Hasan-MantoWriter-of-Stark-Realities.Pdf Essays

Saadat-Hasan-MantoWriter-of-Stark-Realities.Pdf Essays Saadat-Hasan-MantoWriter-of-Stark-Realities.Pdf Paper Saadat-Hasan-MantoWriter-of-Stark-Realities.Pdf Paper This page was exported from Jahane Rumi Export date: Thu Nov 18 17:11:12 2010 / +0000 GMT Saadat Hasan Manto- Writer of Stark Realities (Courtesy Iftikhar Chaudri) Saadat Hassan Manto (May 11, 1912 ? January 18, 1955) was a Pakistani Urdu short story writer, most known for his Urdu short stories , Bu (Odour), Khol Do (Open It), Thanda Gosht (Cold Meat), and his magnum opus, Toba Tek Singh. Unfortunately having spent life on both sides of the border he was portrayed as an Indian writer in Pakistan and in India he was portrayed as a Pakistani writer. But truely he was a writer of the subcontinent above distinctions of coutry or religion. He was also a film and radio scriptwriter, and journalist. In his short life, he published twenty-two collections of short stories, one novel, five collections of radio plays, three collections of essays, two collections of personal sketches. He was tried for obscenity half-a-dozen times, thrice before and thrice after independence in Pakistan, but never convicted. Some of his works have been translated in other languages. Combining psychoanalysis with human behaviour, he was arguably one of the best short story tellers of the 20th century, and one of the most controversial as well. When it comes to chronicling the collective madness that prevailed in the Indian subcontinent, during and post the Partition of India in 1947, no other writer comes close to the oeuvre of Saadat Hassan Manto. Since he started his literary career translating works of literary giants, like Victor Hugo, Oscar Wilde and many Russian masters like Chekov and Gorky, their collective influence made him search for his own moorings. This search resulted in his first story, Tamasha, based on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar. Though his earlier works, influenced by the progressive writers of his times showed a marked leftist and socialist leanings, his later work progressively became stark in portraying the darkness of the human psyche, as humanist values progressively declined around the Partition. So much so that his final works that came out in the dismal social climate of post-partition Indian subcontinent and his own financial struggles reflected an innate sense of human impotency towards darkness that prevailed in the larger society, cultivating in satirism that verged on dark comedy, as seen in his final great work, Toba Tek Singh, that not just showed a direct influence of his own stay in a veritable mental asylum, but also a reflection of collective madness that he saw in the ensuing decade of his life. To add to it, his numerous court cases and societal rebukes, deepened his cynical view of society , from which he felt ever so isolated No part of human existence remain untouched or taboo for him, he sincerely brought out stories of prostitutes and pimps alike, just as he highlighted the subversive sexual slavery of the women of his times. To many contemporary women writers, his language far from being obscene brought out the women of times in realism, seen never before, and provided them with the human dignity they long deserved. Unlike his fellow luminaries, he never indulged in didacticism or romanticized his character, nor offered any judgment on his characters. No matter how macabre or immoral they might seem, he simply presented the characters in a realistic light, and left the judgment on to the readers eyes. This allows his works to be interpreted in a myriad ways, depending on the viewpoint of the reader. They would appear sensationalist or prurient to one, while exceedingly human to another. Yet it was this very non-judgmental and rather unhindered truism of his pen that put him in an opposite camp from the media censors, social prejudices and the legal system of his times, so much so that he remained banned for many years and lost out on many opportunities to earn a healthy living. Throughout the Indian subcontinent he is still known for his scathing insight into the human behaviour as well as revelation of the macabre animalistic nature of an enraged subcontinent, that stands out amidst the brevity of his prose . He is often compared with D. H. Lawrence, and like Lawrence he also wrote about the topics considered social taboos in Indo-Pakistani Society. His topics range from the socio-economic injustice prevailing in pre- and post- colonial subcontinent, to the more controversial topics of love, sex, incest, prostitution and the typical hypocrisy of a traditional sub continental male. In dealing with these topics, he doesnt take any pains to conceal the true state of the affair although his short stories are often intricately structured, with vivid satire and a good sense of humour. In chronicling the lives and tribulations of the people living in lower depths of the human existence, no writer of 20th century, came close to Manto. His concerns on the socio-political issues, from local to global level are revealed in his series, Letters to Uncle Sam, and those to Pandit Nehru. On his writing he often commented, If you find my stories dirty, the society you are living in is dirty. With my stories, I only expose the truth. In many ways his writings can be considered a precursor to the minimalist writing movement of nineties. Instead of focusing on composition, Manto created literary effect through narration of facts, often mini stories, often gritty. Characters are not defined exclusively by the way they look, but by what theyve done in their lives. Places are not described as a collection of sensory observations but as settings for events, sad, poignant, happy or otherwise. Early life and education Output as PDF file has been powered by [ Universal Post Manager ] plugin from www. ProfProjects. com | Page 1/2 | This page was exported from Jahane Rumi Export date: Thu Nov 18 17:11:12 2010 / +0000 GMT Saadat Hassan Manto was born in a Kashmiri Muslim family of barristers, on May 11, 1912. He received his early education at Muslim High School in Amritsar, but he remained a misfit throughout in school years, rapidly losing motivation in studies, ending up failing twice in matriculation. His only love during those days, was reading English Novels, for which he even stole a book, once from a Book-Stall in Amritsar Railway Station. In 1931, he finally passed out of school and joined Hindu Sabha College in Amritsar, which was already volatile due the independence movement, soon it reflected in his first story, Tamasha, based on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre After, his father died in 1932, he sobered up a bit to support his mother, though the big turning point in his life came, when in 1933 at age 21 he met Abdul Bari Alig, a scholar and polemic writer, in Amritsar, who encouraged to him find his true talents, and read Russian and French authors. Early career Within a matter of months Manto produced an Urdu translation of Victor Hugos The Last Days of a Condemned Man, which was published by Urdu Book Stall, Lahore as Sarguzasht-e-Aseer (A Prisoners Story).. Soon afterwards he joined the editorial staff of Masawat, a daily published from Ludhiana His 1934 Urdu translation of Oscar Wildes Vera won him due recognition amongst the literary circles. At the continued encouragement of Abdul Bari, he published a collection of Urdu translation of Russian stories as Russi Afsane. This heightened enthusiasm pushed Manto to pursue graduation at Aligarh Muslim University, which he joined in February 1934, and soon got associated with Indian Progressive Writers Association (IPWA). It was here that he met writer Ali Sardar Jafri and found a new spurt in his writing. His second story Inqlaab Pasand was published in Aligarh magazine in March 1935. There was no turning back from there, and his first collection of original short stories in Urdu, Atish Pare (Sparks; also Quarrel-Provokers), was published in 1936, at age 24. He left Aligarh within a year, initially for Lahore and ultimately for Bombay. After 1936, he moved to Bombay, where he stayed for the next few years, editing Musawwir, a monthly film magazine. He also started writing scripts and dialogues for Hindi films, including Kishan Kanhaya (1936) and Apni Nagariya (1939). Soon he was making enough money, though by the time he married Safia on 26 April, 1939, he was once again in dire financial crisis. Despite financial ups and downs he continued writing for films, till he left for Delhi in January 1941. He had accepted the job of writing for Urdu Service of All India Radio in 1941. This proved to be his most productive period, as in the next eighteen months he published over four collections of radio plays, Aao (Come), Manto ke Drame (Mantos Dramas), Janaze (Funerals) and Tin auraten (Three women). He continued to write short stories, and his next short story collection Dhuan (Smoke) was soon out, followed by Manto ke Afsane and his first collection of topical essays, Manto ke Mazamin. This period culminated with the publication of his mixed collection Afsane aur Drame in 1943. Meanwhile, due a quarrel with then director of the All India Radio, poet N. M. Rashid, he left his job and returned to Bombay in July, 1942, where he started working with film industry once again, and entered his best phase in screenwriting, giving films like Aatth Din, Chal Chal Re Naujawan and Mirza Ghalib, which was finally released in 1954 [2]. Some of his best short stories also came from this phase, including Kaali Shalwar, Dhuan (1943) and Bu which was published in Qaumi Jang (Bombay) in February 1945. Another hightlight of his second phase in Bombay was the publication of an important collection of his stories, Chugad, which also included the story Babu Gopinath [5]. He continued to stay in Bombay, till he moved to Pakistan in January 1948, much after the partition of India in 1947. Output as PDF file has been powered by [ Universal Post Manager ] plugin from www. ProfProjects. com | Page 2/2 |

Houston Astros and Enron Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Houston Astros and Enron - Assignment Example As a prominent sports team with a large fan base, it is a force to be reckoned with in the sports of American baseball which is perhaps the most popular team sports in the United States and also a major part of the American culture as a pastime when families bond together. When its sponsor Enron Corporation suddenly collapsed back in 2001, the Houston Astros found themselves in the embarrassing position of being endorsed by an organization which symbolized corporate greed. It is the aim of this brief paper to examine the options available to the said sports team and as an illustrative case study on how to properly handle a seemingly public relations disaster. Discussion Professional sports today in America and elsewhere in the world is characterized by the increasing intrusion of commercialization through corporate sponsorship in the form of company advertisements and marketing promotions. American sports organizations are privately-owned teams and as such has to be managed well like any business enterprise and has to turn a profit for its owners. In this regard, many of such sports organizations have turned to corporate sponsors to earn much-needed additional revenues to offset higher expenses in the form of maintenance of its home stadium and to pay the often-exorbitant professional players' fees. In other words, the sports team owners are in a quandary of sorts, as they have to sacrifice the purity or sanctity of sports in favor of commercial ads to make their sports teams a viable on-going enterprise. There is a prevalent practice of selling the naming rights of a stadium to a corporation for a huge fee. Problem Definition – in the case of the Houston Astros, they had sold the naming rights for their new ball park to Enron Corporation for a 30-year period to the tune of $100 million and in turn, Enron was given all the rights to put up advertisements, banners, and all sorts of the paid endorsements accruing to the Houston Astros sports team, such as the opportunity to put Enron's name on all interior and exterior signages to include even the uniforms of game-day staff. A part of the deal included spending for a luxury suite and season box seats (Jensen & Butler, 2007, p. 28). When Enron collapsed, the sports team had to find a way to dissociate themselves from it. Case Analysis – the sudden collapse was an unprecedented event in American business history for it was the largest bankruptcy filing ever and worse, Enron represented the corporate scandal involving dubious accounting practices, insider trading, and other types of malfeasance. The Houston Astros found themselves in the uncomfortable position of being associated with the company most hated by Americans who lost their jobs, pensions, and life savings. Evaluation of Case Facts – the naming rights that Enron Corporation entered into with the management of the Houston Astros was a valid business contract but the extremely bad name or reputation that Enron soo n earned after its collapse when sordid wrongdoing came to public knowledge made it untenable for the sports team to continue with the contract because it is now a public relations crises in relation to its valued publics, in particular its avid sports fans. Consideration of Alternatives – Houston Astros has to find a way to get out of the now-useless contract with Enron as the corporation is in no position to honor its end of the bargain in terms of annual installment payment for the naming rights of the stadium. The sports team has to resort to the courts to discharge it from its obligations

Events in U.S.A History in 1799 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Events in U.S.A History in 1799 - Research Paper Example Major amendments to the American constitution took place during his reign (Henriques 148). Largely, the American society recorded great changes in its political history following the ascension and death of President George Washington. Many historical facts in American society developed from contribution of renowned personalities in the society. Politics and war are inseparable, in many cases, they would influence the out come of events in the society. The political system adopted by the society in a particular period would influence the outcome of events in the society. For instance, the quest for independence by the American late president George Washington changed the political history of the nation. Social lifestyle of people in the society would change when different politicians ascend to power. Social changes brought by a politician in office would influence the lives of the people in the society. This paper intends to explore the effects of death president George Washington in 1799. Many historical publications through books and articles provide information regarding many reputed political figures that brought social or economic changes in the society. Demise of such political personalities may lead the country into instability. The death of President George Washington brought many changes to the political and social systems in America. Death of George Washington influenced the political system of United States of America. Although he was thought to achieve amicably in many of his policies, some of the changes instigated by his successors impacted political state of the country positively. For instance, Washington did not like formation of many political parties and promoted federal ideology while he was a live (McMaster 326). His death was a blessing to the Militia Legion, which was against his federal system of governance. The Militia Legion believed that, the presence of George Washington promoted federal policies. History records that the Militia Legi on honored a partisan governor of Pennsylvania, Thomas McKean (Koschnik 237). Militia Legion acted contrary to the expectation of many people. The Republican wing followed national mourning script. Another notable event that took place when George Washington died is joint mourning program that was led by Republican militia companies. His death led to the abortion of slavery as he had started in his will. The will indicated the intention of George Washington to abolish slavery and promote equality among the American people. Historian believes that the death of George Washington influenced the reaction of United States to Quasi War. The decision made by United States to engage in Quasi War was contrary to the wishes of President George Washington. George Washington influenced the neutral position that American took in handling the issues European conflicts (Grizzard 111). It is important to note that the European conflict had an impact to United States politically and economically. Th e economical ties between United States of America and the western countries relied on peaceful coexistence among the countries. This major factor influenced the decision of President George Washington. Political events, which took place after his death, respected many political decisions that he made while he was a live. For instance, federal governance system did not collapse. This led to disagreement between the two warring faction which later jeopardized the unity of United States of America. Unity of the nation was very crucial because it marked the end of tyrannical British regime. Another crucial area that is worth noting is role of unity in passing of the sedition act.